Warshadaha dawooyinka biyaha wasakhda ah waxay inta badan ka mid yihiin soo saarista antibiyootiga biyaha wasakhda ah iyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee soo saarista daawada synthetic.Warshadaha dawooyinka biyaha wasakhda ah waxay inta badan ka kooban yihiin afar qaybood: biyaha wasakhda ah ee wax soo saarka antibiyootiga, biyaha wasakhda ah ee soo saarista dawooyinka synthetic, biyaha wasakhda ah ee soo saarista daawada patent ee Shiinaha, biyaha dhaqida iyo dhaqidda biyaha wasakhda ah ee hababka diyaarinta ee kala duwan.Biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa lagu gartaa isku-dhafan adag, maaddo dabiici ah oo sarreeya, sunta sare, midab qoto dheer, milix badan, gaar ahaan sifooyinka biochemical ee liita iyo dareeraha joogtada ah.Waa biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha oo ay adag tahay in la daweeyo.Horumarinta warshadaha dawooyinka ee dalkayga, biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqday mid ka mid ah ilaha wasakhda ee muhiimka ah.
1. Habka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka
Hababka lagu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka waxa lagu soo koobi karaa sida: daawaynta kiimikaad jirka, daawaynta kiimikaad, daawaynta biochemical iyo daawaynta isku dhafka ah ee habab kala duwan, hab kasta oo daawaynta ahi waxa ay leedahay faa’iidooyin iyo khasaare u gaar ah.
Daaweynta jirka iyo kiimikada
Marka loo eego sifooyinka tayada biyaha ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka, daawaynta physicochemical waxay u baahan tahay in loo isticmaalo daawaynta ka hor ama habka daawaynta ka dib ee daaweynta biochemical.Hababka daaweynta jirka iyo kiimikaad ee hadda la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah xinjirowga, sabbeynta hawada, adsorption, ammonia xariijimaha, electrolysis, beddelka ion iyo kala soocida xuubka.
xinjirowga
Farsamadani waa hab lagu daweeyo biyaha oo aad looga isticmaalo gudaha iyo dibaddaba.Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa daawaynta ka hor iyo ka dib daawaynta biyaha wasakhda caafimaadka, sida aluminium sulfate iyo polyferric sulfate ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka dhaqameed ee Shiinaha.Furaha daaweynta xinjirowga ee hufan waa xulashada saxda ah iyo ku darida xinjirowga oo leh waxqabad aad u fiican.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, jihada horumarinta xinjirayaashu waxay ka beddeleen unug-yar oo polymers-molecular-sare ah, iyo ka kooban hal-qayb ilaa shaqeyn isku dhafan [3].Liu Minghua iyo al.[4] waxa lagu daweeyay COD, SS iyo chromaticity ee dareeraha wasakhda pH ee 6.5 iyo qiyaasta flocculant ee 300 mg/L oo leh wax-ku-oolnimo sare oo isku dhafan F-1.Heerarka saarista ayaa ahaa 69.7%, 96.4% iyo 87.5%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
sabbeynta hawada
Sabbaynta hawada guud ahaan waxa ka mid ah noocyo kala duwan sida sabbaynta hawada hawada, sabbaynta hawada oo milmay, sabbaynta hawada kiimikada, iyo sabbaynta hawada korantada.Warshada Dawooyinka ee Xinchang waxay isticmaashaa CAF vortex-ka aaladda sabbeynta hawada si ay ugu sii daaweyso biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Celceliska heerka saarista COD waa ilaa 25% oo leh kiimikooyin ku habboon.
habka adsorption
Xayeysiisyada sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waa kaarboon firfircoon, dhuxul firfircoon, humic acid, resin adsorption, iwm. Warshada Dawooyinka ee Wuhan Jianmin waxay isticmaashaa adsorption dambaska dhuxusha - habka daawaynta aerobic-ka labaad si loo daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah.Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in heerka ka saarista COD ee daaweynta ka-hortagga xayeysiinta ay ahayd 41.1%, iyo saamiga BOD5/COD waa la hagaajiyay.
Kala soocida xuubabka
Tignoolajiyada Membrane waxaa ka mid ah osmosis-ka rogaal celiska, nanofiltration iyo xuubabka fiber si ay u soo kabtaan agab waxtar leh oo loo yareeyo guud ahaan qiiqa dabiiciga ah.Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee tiknoolajiyadani waa qalab sahlan, hawlgal ku habboon, isbeddel weji ah iyo isbeddel kiimiko, waxtarka sare ee wax-qabadka iyo badbaadinta tamarta.Juanna iyo al.loo isticmaalo xuubabka nanofiltration si loo kala saaro biyaha wasakhda ah ee cinnamycin.Waxaa la ogaaday in saameynta xannibaadda ee lincomycin ee microorganisms ee biyaha wasakhda ah ay hoos u dhacday, iyo cinnamycin waa la soo kabsaday.
electrolysis
Habku wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka waxtarka sare leh, hawlgalka fudud iyo wixii la mid ah, iyo saamaynta decolorization electrolytic waa mid wanaagsan.Li Ying [8] waxa ay ku samaysay pretreatment electrolytic prenatant riboflavin, iyo heerka saarista COD, SS iyo chroma ayaa gaadhay 71%, 83% iyo 67%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
daaweynta kiimikaad
Marka hababka kiimikaad la isticmaalo, isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee reageniyeyaasha qaarkood waxay u badan tahay inay keento wasakhaynta labaad ee jirka biyaha.Sidaa darteed, shaqada cilmi-baarista tijaabada ah ee ku habboon waa in la sameeyaa ka hor naqshadeynta.Hababka kiimikada waxaa ka mid ah habka birta-kaarboon, habka dib-u-dejinta kiimikada (Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), farsamada oksaydhka qoto dheer, iwm.
Habka kaarboonka birta
Hawlgalka warshaduhu wuxuu muujinayaa in isticmaalka Fe-C oo ah tillaabo hore oo loogu talagalay biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka ay si weyn u wanaajin karto biodegradability ee wasakhda.Lou Maoxing waxay isticmaashaa birta-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-hawo sabbaynta daawaynta si loo daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha dawooyinka sida erythromycin iyo ciprofloxacin.Heerka ka saarista COD ka dib daawaynta birta iyo kaarboonku waxay ahayd 20%.%, iyo dareeraha u dambeeyaa wuxuu u hoggaansamaa heerka heerka-koowaad ee heer qaran ee "Integrated Water Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).
Ka-hortagga Fenton's reagent
Isku darka cusbada birta ah iyo H2O2 waxaa lagu magacaabaa Fenton's reagent, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah u saari kara walxaha dabiiciga ah ee soo noqnoqda ee aan laga saari karin tiknoolajiyada daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah.Iyada oo qoto-dheeraanta cilmi-baarista, iftiinka ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), iwm. ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Fenton reagent, taas oo si weyn u xoojisay awoodda oksaydhka.Isticmaalka TiO2 sida kicinta iyo 9W nalka meerkuriga hooseeya ee isha iftiinka, biyaha wasakhda daawada waxaa lagu daaweeyay Fenton's reagent, heerka midabaynta wuxuu ahaa 100%, heerka saarista COD wuxuu ahaa 92.3%, iyo xarunta nitrobenzene ayaa hoos uga dhacday 8.05mg /L.0.41 mg/L.
Oxidation
Habkani waxa uu wanaajin karaa biyo-degradaynta biyaha wasakhda ah oo waxa uu leeyahay heer ka saarista COD ka fiican.Tusaale ahaan, saddex antibiyootiga wasakhda ah sida Balcioglu ayaa lagu daweeyey oksaydhismka ozone.Natiijooyinka waxay muujiyeen in ozonation-ka ee biyaha wasakhda ah aysan kordhin kaliya saamiga BOD5/COD, laakiin sidoo kale heerka saarista COD wuxuu ka sarreeyay 75%.
Farsamada Oxidation-ka
Sidoo kale loo yaqaan tignoolajiyada oksaydhka sare, waxay isu keentaa natiijooyinkii ugu dambeeyay ee cilmi baarista iftiinka casriga ah, korantada, codka, magnetismka, agabka iyo qaybaha kale ee la midka ah, oo ay ku jiraan oxidation electrochemical, oxidation qoyan, oksaydhka biyaha supercritical, oxidation photocatalytic iyo hoos u dhaca ultrasonic.Waxaa ka mid ah, tignoolajiyada oxidation photocatalytic ultraviolet waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka cusub, wax ku oolnimada sare, iyo xulashada ma aha biyaha wasakhda ah, waxayna si gaar ah ugu habboon tahay nabaad-guurka hydrocarbons-ka.Marka la barbardhigo hababka daawaynta sida fallaadhaha ultraviolet, kululaynta, iyo cadaadiska, daawaynta ultrasonic ee maadada organic waa mid toos ah waxayna u baahan tahay qalab yar.Nooc cusub oo daawaynta ah, ayaa fiiro dheeraad ah la bixiyay.Xiao Guangquan iyo al.[13] waxa loo adeegsaday habka xidhiidhka nafleyda ee ultrasonic-aerobic si loogu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Daaweynta Ultrasonic waxaa lagu sameeyay 60 s korantaduna waxay ahayd 200 w, wadarta guud ee COD ka saarista biyaha wasakhda ah waxay ahayd 96%.
Daaweynta biochemical
Tiknoolajiyada daaweynta bayoolajiga waa tignoolajiyada daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka si weyn loo isticmaalo, oo ay ku jiraan habka bayoolojiga hawada, habka bayoolojiga anaerobic, iyo habka isku dhafan ee aerobic-anaerobic.
Daaweynta noolaha hawada
Maadaama inta badan biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka ay yihiin biyaha wasakhda ah ee dabiiciga ah, guud ahaan waa lagama maarmaan in la milo xalka kaydka inta lagu jiro daawaynta aerobic bayooloji.Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka korontadu waa weyn yahay, biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa lagu daweyn karaa biochemically, wayna adagtahay in si toos ah loo sii daayo ilaa heerka ka dib daaweynta biochemical.Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka aerobic kaliya.Waxaa jira daaweyn yar oo la heli karo waxaana loo baahan yahay daaweyn guud.Hababka daaweynta bayoolojiga ee caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah habka dhoobada firfircoon, habka qoto dheer ee hawo-qaadista, habka biodegradation adsorption (habka AB), habka oxidation-ka xiriirka, habka isku-dhafka dufcadda firfircoonida habka sludge (Habka SBR), wareegga habka sludge firfircoon, iwm.(Habka CASS) iyo wixii la mid ah.
Habka hawogelinta ceelka qoto dheer
Hawo-qaadista ceelka qoto dheer waa nidaam dhoobo ah oo firfircoon oo xawaare sare leh.Habka ayaa leh heerka isticmaalka oksijiinta sare, meel yar oo dabaq ah, saameyn daweyn oo wanaagsan, maalgashi hooseeya, kharash yar oo hawlgal ah, aan lahayn bulking sludge iyo wax soo saarka dhoobada yar.Intaa waxaa dheer, saameynteeda kuleylka kuleylka ayaa wanaagsan, daaweyntuna ma saameynayso xaaladaha cimilada, taas oo xaqiijin karta saameynta daaweynta bullaacadaha jiilaalka ee gobollada waqooyiga.Ka dib markii biyaha wasakhda ah ee dabiiciga ah ee ka yimid Warshada Dawooyinka Waqooyi-bari ay si biochemical ah u daweysay haanta ceelka hawada sare ka qaada, heerka saarista COD waxa uu gaadhay 92.7%.Waxaa la arki karaa in waxtarka wax-ku-oolnimada uu aad u sarreeyo, taas oo faa'iido badan u leh habka soo socda.door go'aan qaadasho leh.
Habka AB
Habka AB waa hab dhoobo firfircoon oo aad u sarreeya.Heerka ka saarista BOD5, COD, SS, fosfooraska iyo nitrogen ammonia ee habka AB ayaa guud ahaan ka sarreeya habka caadiga ah ee wasakhda firfircoonida leh.Faa'iidooyinkeeda aadka u wanaagsan waa culeyska sare ee qaybta A, awoodda culeyska culus ee ka hortagga shoogga, iyo saameynta ballaaran ee qiimaha pH iyo walxaha sunta ah.Waxay si gaar ah ugu habboon tahay daaweynta bulaacada oo leh feejignaan sare iyo isbeddel weyn oo ku yimaada tayada biyaha iyo tirada.Habka Yang Junshi et al.waxay isticmaashaa hab-nololeedka hydrolysis acidification-AB si loogu daweeyo antibiyootiga biyaha wasakhda ah, kaas oo leh socodka socodka gaaban, badbaadinta tamarta, iyo kharashka daawaynta ayaa ka hooseeya habka daaweynta kiimikaad-bayooloji ee la midka ah biyaha wasakhda ah.
oxidation xiriir bayooloji
Tiknoolajiyadani waxay isku daraysaa faa'iidooyinka habka dhoobada firfircoon ee firfircoonida iyo habka biofilm, waxayna leedahay faa'iidooyinka culeyska sare ee culeyska, wax soo saarka dhoobada hoose, caabbinta saameynta xooggan, hawlgalka habka xasilloon iyo maaraynta habboon.Mashruucyo badan ayaa qaata hab laba-marxalo ah, iyaga oo ujeedadoodu tahay in ay ku noolaadaan noocyada ugu badan ee heerar kala duwan, oo si buuxda u ciyaara saamaynta isdhexgalka ee ka dhexeeya dadyowga kala duwan ee microbial, iyo hagaajinta saamaynta biochemical iyo caabbinta naxdinta leh.Injineernimada, dheef-shiid kiimikaadka anaerobic-ka iyo aashitada ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii tallaabo hore loo daweyn, iyo habka oksaydhka xidhiidhka ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Warshada Farmashiyaha ee Harbin North waxay qabataa aashitada hydrolysis-labada marxaladood ee habka oksaydhka xidhiidhka bayooloji si loo daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Natiijooyinka qalliinku waxay muujinayaan in saameynta daawadu ay tahay mid deggan oo isku-darka habraaca uu yahay mid macquul ah.Iyadoo tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib ah wax uga maarfuta ay u ay u socoto ay u socoto, meelaha codsiyadu ay sidoo kale aad u ballaaran yihiin
Habka SBR
Habka SBR wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka caabbinta shoogga xooggan, dhaqdhaqaaqa sare ee qulqulka, qaab-dhismeedka fudud, looma baahna dib-u-dhac, hawlgal dabacsan, raad yar, maalgashi hooseeya, hawlgal xasilloon, heerka sare ee saarista substrate, iyo denitrification wanaagsan iyo ka saarista fosfooraska..Biyaha wasakhda ah ee isbedbeddelaya.Tijaabooyin ku saabsan daaweynta biyaha wasakhda daawada ee habka SBR waxay muujinayaan in wakhtiga hawadu uu saameyn weyn ku leeyahay saameynta daaweynta ee habka;dejinta qaybaha anoxic, gaar ahaan naqshadeynta soo noqnoqda ee anaerobic iyo aerobic, waxay si weyn u hagaajin kartaa saameynta daaweynta;daawaynta la xoojiyey ee SBR ee PAC Nidaamku wuxuu si weyn u wanaajin karaa saamaynta ka saarista nidaamka.Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, geeddi-socodku wuxuu noqday mid aad iyo aad u qumman oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee daawada.
Daaweynta Nafleyda Anaerobic
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee organic-ga ah ee gudaha iyo dibedda inta badan waxay ku saleysan tahay habka anaerobic, laakiin COD-da dareeraha ah ayaa weli ah mid aad u sarreeya ka dib markii lagu daaweeyo habka anaerobic ee goonida ah, iyo daaweynta ka dib (sida daaweynta bayoolojiga aerobic) guud ahaan waa loo baahan yahay.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, weli waa lagama maarmaan in la xoojiyo Horumarinta iyo naqshadeynta waxtarka sare leh ee anaerobic reactors, iyo cilmi-baaris qoto dheer oo ku saabsan xaaladaha hawlgalka.Codsiyada ugu guulaha badan ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda daawada waa Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), Sariirta Isku-dhafka Anaerobic (UBF), Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), hydrolysis, iwm.
Xeerka USB
Reactor-ka UASB wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka waxtarka dheefshiidka anaerobic ee sarreeya, qaab-dhismeed fudud, waqti haynta haydarooliga oo gaaban, iyo uma baahna qalab gaar ah oo soo celinta dhoobada.Marka UASB loo isticmaalo daawaynta kanamycin, chlorin, VC, SD, glucose iyo dawooyinka kale ee biyaha wasakhda ah, waxa ku jira SS inta badan aad uma sarreeyo si loo hubiyo in heerka saarista COD uu ka sarreeyo 85% ilaa 90%.Heerka saarista COD ee taxanayaasha labada marxaladood ee UASB waxay gaadhi kartaa in ka badan 90%.
Habka UBF
Iibso Wenning et al.Imtixaan is barbar dhig ah ayaa lagu sameeyay UASB iyo UBF.Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in UBF ay leedahay sifooyinka wareejinta ballaaran ee wanaagsan iyo saameynta kala-soocidda, bayoolajiga kala duwan iyo noocyada noolaha, waxtarka wax-ku-oolnimada sare, iyo xasilloonida hawlgalka.Ogsajiinta bioreactor.
Hydrolysis iyo acidification
Haanta hydrolysis-ka waxa loo yaqaan sariirta biyo-saarka ee Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) waana UASB wax laga beddelay.Marka la barbar dhigo taangiga anaerobic-ka oo dhan, taangiga hydrolysis wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka soo socda: looma baahna xirid, walaaqin, ma laha kala-soocida saddex-waji, kaas oo yareynaya kharashka oo fududeynaya dayactirka;waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa makromolecules iyo walxaha dabiiciga ah ee aan noolayn karin ee ku jira bulaacada ilaa unugyo yaryar.Maaddada organic-ga ah ee si sahlan loo noolayn karo waxay hagaajinaysaa bayolojiga biyaha ceeriin;falcelintu waa dhakhso, mugga taangiga waa yar yahay, maalgashiga dhismaha raasumaalka waa yar yahay, mugga dhoobada ayaa la yareeyaa.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, habka hydrolysis-aerobic ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Tusaale ahaan, warshadda biopharmaceutical waxay isticmaashaa aashitada hydrolytic-laba-marxalad habka oksaydhka xidhiidhka bayooloji si loo daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Hawlgalku waa xasiloon yahay iyo saamaynta saarista walxaha organic waa mid cajiib ah.Heerarka ka saarista COD, BOD5 SS iyo SS waxay ahaayeen 90.7%, 92.4% iyo 87.6%, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Habka daaweynta isku dhafan ee anaerobic-aerobic
Maaddaama daawaynta aerobic-ka ama daaweynta anaerobic kaliya aysan buuxin karin shuruudaha, hababka isku dhafan sida anaerobic-aerobic, hydrolytic acidification-aerobic daawaynta waxay hagaajinaysaa biodegradability, saameynta iska caabinta, kharashka maalgashiga iyo saameynta daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah.Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa farsamada injineernimada sababtoo ah waxqabadka habka hal-abuurka.Tusaale ahaan, warshadda dawooyinka waxay isticmaashaa habka anaerobic-aerobic si ay u daaweyso biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka, heerka saarista BOD5 waa 98%, heerka saarista COD waa 95%, saamaynta daawaduna waa mid degan.Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR habka waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah dawooyinka synthetic kiimikada.Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in dhammaan hababka taxanaha ahi ay saameyn xoog leh ku leeyihiin iska caabbinta isbeddelka tayada biyaha wasakhda ah iyo tirada, iyo heerka ka saarista COD wuxuu gaari karaa 86% ilaa 92%, taas oo ah habka doorashada ugu habboon ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.- Katalytic Oxidation - Habka Oxidation xiriirinta.Marka COD ee saameyntu ay ku saabsan tahay 12 000 mg / L, COD ee dareeraha ayaa ka yar 300 mg / L;heerka ka saarista COD ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka bayoolajiga ah ee lagu daaweeyay habka biofilm-SBR waxay gaari kartaa 87.5% ~ 98.31%, taas oo aad uga sareysa tan hal mar la isticmaalo Saamaynta daaweynta ee habka biofilm iyo habka SBR.
Intaa waxaa dheer, horumarinta joogtada ah ee tiknoolajiyada xuubka, cilmi-baarista codsiga ee bioreactor xuubka (MBR) ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u qoto dheer.MBR waxay isku daraysaa sifooyinka tignoolajiyada kala soocida xuubka iyo daaweynta noolaha, waxayna leedahay faa'iidooyinka culeyska culeyska sarreeya, iska caabbinta saameyn xooggan, raad yar, iyo haraaga yar ee haraaga ah.Habka bioreactor xuubka anaerobic ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu daweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee chloride ee dawooyinka COD ee 25 000 mg/L.Heerka ka saarista COD ee nidaamka ayaa weli ka sarreeya 90%.Markii ugu horeysay, awoodda bakteeriyada ku qasban inay hoos u dhigto arrin gaar ah ayaa la isticmaalay.bioreactors xuubka soo saara waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah ee warshadaha ka kooban 3,4-dichloroaniline.HRT waxay ahayd 2 saacadood, heerka saarista ayaa gaadhay 99%, iyo saamaynta daaweynta ugu fiican ayaa la helay.In kasta oo dhibaatada wasakhaynta xuubka, oo leh horumarinta joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada xuubka, MBR ayaa si aad ah loogu isticmaali doonaa goobta daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.
2. Habka daawaynta iyo doorashada biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka
Sifooyinka tayada biyaha ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka ayaa ka dhigaysa mid aan suurtogal ahayn in badi biyaha wasakhda daawada dawooyinka lagu daweeyo kaligood, markaa ka hor daawayn lagama maarmaan ah waa in la sameeyaa ka hor daawaynta biochemical.Guud ahaan, haanta nidaamisa waa in la sameeyaa si loo hagaajiyo tayada biyaha iyo qiimaha pH, iyo habka physicochemical ama kiimikooyinka waa in loo adeegsadaa habka hore ee daaweynta iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda dhabta ah si loo yareeyo SS, salinity iyo qayb ka mid ah COD ee biyaha, la yareeyo. Walxaha ka hortaga nafleyda ee ku jira biyaha wasakhda ah, waxayna wanaajiyaan xaalufka biyaha wasakhda ah.si loo fududeeyo daaweynta biochemical ee soo socota ee biyaha wasakhda ah.
Biyaha wasakhda ah ee la sii daayay waxaa lagu daweyn karaa hababka anaerobic iyo aerobic iyadoo loo eegayo sifooyinka tayada biyaha.Haddii shuruudaha dheecaanku sarreeyaan, habka daaweynta aerobic waa in la sii wadaa ka dib habka daaweynta aerobic.Xulashada habka gaarka ah waa in si buuxda loo tixgeliyo arrimo ay ka mid yihiin dabeecadda biyaha wasakhda ah, saameynta daaweynta ee habka, maalgelinta kaabayaasha, iyo hawlgalka iyo dayactirka si tiknoolajiyadu u noqoto mid macquul ah oo dhaqaale leh.Dariiqa geeddi-socodka oo dhan waa hab isku dhafan oo ah daaweynta-anaerobic-aerobic-(daaweynta ka dib).Habka isku dhafka ah ee hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo biyo-qashin dawooyinka oo dhammaystiran oo ay ku jiraan insulin macmal ah.
3. Dib u warshadaynta iyo ka faa'iidaysiga walxaha waxtarka leh ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka
Kor u qaadida wax soo saarka nadiifka ah ee warshadaha dawooyinka, hagaajinta heerka isticmaalka alaabta ceeriin, heerka soo kabashada dhamaystiran ee alaabta dhexdhexaadka ah iyo by-products, iyo in la yareeyo ama baabi'iyo wasakhda ee habka wax soo saarka iyada oo loo marayo isbeddel teknoolajiyada.Sababo gaar ah ee hababka wax soo saarka daawooyinka qaarkood, biyaha wasakhda ah waxay ka kooban yihiin xaddi badan oo qalab dib loo warshadayn karo.Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka, tallaabada ugu horreysa waa in la xoojiyo soo kabashada alaabta iyo isticmaalka dhamaystiran.Biyaha wasakhda ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee dawooyinka leh milixda ammonium ilaa 5% ilaa 10%, filim tirtire go'an ayaa loo isticmaalaa uumiga, xoojinta iyo crystallization si loo soo kabsado (NH4) 2SO4 iyo NH4NO3 oo leh jajab ballaaran oo ku saabsan 30%.Isticmaal bacrin ahaan ama dib u isticmaalFaa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ayaa muuqda;shirkad tignoolajiyada sare ah oo dawooyinka samaysa ayaa isticmaasha habka nadiifinta si ay biyaha wasakhda ah ee wax soo saarka ugu daaweyso maadada formaldehyde oo aad u saraysa.Ka dib marka gaaska formaldehyde la soo celiyo, waxaa loo qaabeyn karaa reagent formalin ama waxaa loo gubi karaa kulaylka kuleylka.Iyadoo dib u soo kabashada formaldehyde, ka faa'iidaysiga joogtada ah ee kheyraadka ayaa la xaqiijin karaa, kharashka maalgashiga ee saldhigga daaweynta waxaa lagu soo celin karaa 4 ilaa 5 sano gudahood, iyada oo la ogaanayo mideynta faa'iidooyinka deegaanka iyo faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale.Si kastaba ha noqotee, isku dhafka biyaha wasakhda daawada ee guud waa mid adag, way adagtahay in dib loo warshadeeyo, habka soo kabashada waa mid adag, kharashkuna waa sarreeyaa.Sidaa darteed, tignoolajiyada nadiifinta bulaacadaha oo heersare ah oo hufan ayaa fure u ah in si buuxda loo xalliyo dhibaatada bulaacada.
4 Gabagabo
Waxaa jiray warbixino badan oo ku saabsan daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay kala duwanaanshaha alaabta ceeriin iyo hababka warshadaha dawooyinka, tayada biyaha wasakhdu aad bay u kala duwan tahay.Sidaa darteed, ma jiro hab daawayn oo bislaaday oo midaysan oo loogu talagalay biyaha wasakhda ah ee dawooyinka.Dariiqa habka loo dooranayo waxay ku xiran tahay biyaha wasakhda ah.dabeecadda.Marka loo eego sifooyinka biyaha wasakhda ah, pretreatment ayaa guud ahaan loo baahan yahay si loo hagaajiyo biodegradability ee biyaha wasakhda ah, marka hore laga saaro wasakhda, ka dibna lagu daro daaweynta biochemical.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, horumarinta qalab daaweyn oo isku dhafan oo dhaqaale iyo waxtar leh waa dhibaato degdeg ah oo la xalliyo.
WarshadaKiimikada ShiinahaAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan, Chitosan Powder, daweynta biyaha la cabbo, wakiilka midabka biyaha, dadmac, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicyandiamide, dcda, defoamer, antifoam, pac, poly aluminium chloride, polyaluminium, polyelectrolyte, polyaclumin poly , pdadmac, polyamine, Kaliya maahan in aan u soo bandhigno tayada sare ee dukaamaystayaasheena, laakiin wax badan oo ka sii muhiimsan ayaa ah bixiyahayaga ugu weyn oo ay weheliso qiimaha iibinta gardarrada ah.
ODM Factory China PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Shirkadeena waxay ku shaqeysaa mabda'a hawlgalka ee "xunnimada ku saleysan, iskaashiga la abuuray, dadka u janjeedha, iskaashiga guul-guul".Waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan xiriir saaxiibtinimo la yeelan karno ganacsatada adduunka oo dhan.
Waxaa laga soo xigtay Baydu.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-15-2022