Sababtan awgeed, dalalka adduunku waxay isku dayeen waddooyin farsamo oo kala duwan, iyagoo u heellan inay gaadhaan ilaalinta tamarta iyo dhimista qiiqa, soona celiyaan deegaanka dhulka.
Cadaadiska lakabka ilaa lakabka, dhirta bullaacadaha, sida macaamiisha tamarta weyn, ayaa si dabiici ah u wajahaya isbeddel:
Tusaale ahaan, xoojinta shaqada hoos u dhigista wasakhowga iyo ka-qaybgalka xad-dhaafka ah ee nitrogen iyo fosfooraska;
Tusaale ahaan, si loo hagaajiyo heerka isku-filnaanshaha tamarta si loo sameeyo casriyaynta iyo isbeddelka caadiga ah si loo gaaro daaweynta bulaacada kaarboon-yar;
Tusaale ahaan, waa in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho soo kabashada kheyraadka habka daaweynta bulaacada si loo gaaro dib u warshadaynta.
Markaa waxaa jira:
Sannadkii 2003dii, warshaddii biyaha NeWater ee ugu horreysay ee dib loo ceshado ayaa laga dhisay Singapore, dib-u-isticmaalka bulaacadaha ayaa gaadhay heerarka biyaha la cabbo;
Sannadkii 2005, warshadda daaweynta bulaacada ee Strass Australiya waxay gaartay isku filnaansho tamar markii ugu horreysay adduunka, iyadoo ku tiirsan kaliya dib u soo kabashada tamarta kiimikada ee wasakhda si ay ula kulanto isticmaalka tamarta ee daaweynta wasakhda;
2016, sharciga Swiss ayaa amray in laga soo kabsado khayraadka fosfooraska aan la cusboonaysiin karin ee bulaacada (sludge), digada xoolaha iyo wasakh kale.
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Sida awoodda ilaalinta biyaha ee adduunka laga aqoonsan yahay, Nederlaan si dabiici ah kama foga.
Markaa maanta, tifaftiruhu wuxuu kaala hadli doonaa sida dhirta wasakhda ah ee Nederlaan loo cusboonaysiiyo loona beddelo xilliga dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka.
Fikradda biyaha wasakhda ah ee Nederland - qaabka NEWs
Nederlaan, oo ku taal dhulka hoose ee Rhine, Maas iyo Scheldt, waa dhul hoose.
Anigoo ah deegaan ahaan, mar kasta oo aan sheego Holland, waxa ugu horreeya ee maskaxdayda ka soo baxa waa Delft University of Technology.
Gaar ahaan, shaybaarkeeda Kluvyer Biotechnology Shaybaadhka adduunka ayaa caan ku ah guulaha ay ka gaadhay tignoolajiyada injineernimada microbial. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah tignoolajiyada daaweynta bayooloji ee aan naqaanay ayaa halkan ka yimid.
Sida ka saarista fosfooraska denitrification iyo soo kabashada fosfooraska (BCFS), nitrification-gaaban (SHARON), oxidation anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX/CANON), dhoobada granular aerobic (NEREDA), kobcinta qulqulka dhinaca / kobcinta nitrification guud (BABE), caaga noolaha PHA) dib u warshadaynta, iwm.
Intaa waxaa dheer, tignoolajiyadan waxaa sidoo kale soo saaray Professor Mark van Loosdrecht, kaas oo uu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta "Nobel Prize" ee warshadaha biyaha - Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize ee Singapore.
Waqti dheer ka hor, Jaamacadda Delft ee Teknolojiyadda waxay soo jeedisay fikradda daaweynta bulaacadaha waara. Sannadkii 2008dii, Aasaaska Cilmi-baadhista Biyaha ee Nederlaan ayaa fikraddan ku soo koobtay qaab-dhismeedka “NEWS”.
Taasi waa, soo gaabinta odhaahda Nafaqada (nafaqada) + Tamarta (tamarta) + Biyaha (biyaha) warshadaha (warshad), taas oo macnaheedu yahay in warshadda nadiifinta wasakhda ee hoos timaada fikradda waara dhab ahaantii waa warshad wax soo saar saddex-midnimo ah oo nafaqo leh, tamar iyo dib loo warshadeeyay. biyo.
Waxaa dhacda in ereyga "NEWS" uu sidoo kale leeyahay macne cusub, kaas oo ah nolol cusub iyo mustaqbalka labadaba.
Sidee bay u wanaagsan tahay "NEWs", marka la eego qaab-dhismeedkeeda, ma jiraan wax qashin ah oo ku jira dareenka dhaqameed ee bullaacadaha:
Maaddada dabiiciga ah waa sidaha tamarta, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu kabo isticmaalka tamarta hawlgalka oo lagu gaaro ujeedada hawlgalka kaarboon-dhexdhexaadka ah; kulaylka ku jira bulaacada lafteeda ayaa sidoo kale loo rogi karaa xaddi badan oo kulayl / tamar qabow iyada oo loo marayo bamka kulaylka isha biyaha, taas oo aan ka qayb qaadan kara oo kaliya hawlgalka carbon-dhexdhexaad ah, laakiin sidoo kale awood u dhoofinta kulaylka / qabow bulshada. Tani waa waxa ay ku saabsan tahay warshadda korontadu.
Nafaqooyinka ku jira bulaacada, gaar ahaan fosfooraska, ayaa si wax ku ool ah looga soo kaban karaa inta lagu jiro habka daaweynta, si dib loogu dhigo la'aanta ilaha fosfooraska illaa xadka ugu badan. Tani waa waxa ku jira warshadda nafaqeynta.
Ka dib marka la dhammeeyo soo kabashada walxaha dabiiciga ah iyo nafaqooyinka, hadafka ugu weyn ee daaweynta bulaacada dhaqameed waa la dhammeeyaa, kheyraadka soo harayna waa biyihii dib loo soo celiyay ee aan ognahay. Tani waa waxa ku saabsan warshadda biyaha ee dib loo soo celiyay.
Sidaa darteed, Nederlaan waxay sidoo kale soo koobtay tillaabooyinka habka daaweynta bulaacada lix hab oo waaweyn: ① pretreatment; ②daawaynta aasaasiga ah; ③daawaynta ka dib; ④ daaweynta dhoobada;
Waxay u egtahay mid fudud, laakiin dhab ahaantii waxaa jira teknoolojiyad badan oo laga dooran karo gadaasha tallaabo kasta oo geeddi-socod ah, iyo tikniyoolajiyad isku mid ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu dabaqi karaa tillaabooyinka geeddi-socodka kala duwan, sida permutations iyo isku-dhafka, waxaad had iyo jeer ka heli kartaa habka ugu habboon ee lagu daweeyo bulaacada.
Haddii aad u baahan tahay alaabta kor ku xusan si aad u daaweyso bulaacadaha kala duwan, fadlan nala soo xiriir.
cr: Naiyanjun Ilaalinta Deegaanka Hydrosphere
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-25-2023