Sababtan awgeed, dalalka adduunka oo dhan waxay isku dayeen waddooyin farsamo oo kala duwan, iyagoo aad u xiiseynaya inay gaaraan ilaalinta tamarta iyo yaraynta qiiqa, iyo soo celinta deegaanka dhulka.
Cadaadis ka imanaya lakab ilaa lakab, warshadaha wasakhda, oo ah macaamiil badan oo tamarta isticmaala, ayaa si dabiici ah u wajahaya isbeddel:
Tusaale ahaan, xooji shaqada yaraynta wasakhowga oo ku lug yeelo ka saarista nitrogen iyo fosfooraska xad dhaafka ah;
Tusaale ahaan, si loo hagaajiyo heerka isku filnaanshaha tamarta si loo fuliyo casriyeynta iyo isbeddelka caadiga ah si loo gaaro daaweynta wasakhda kaarboon yar;
Tusaale ahaan, waa in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho soo kabashada kheyraadka inta lagu jiro habka daaweynta wasakhda si loo gaaro dib-u-warshadayn.
Markaas waxaa jira:
Sannadkii 2003, warshaddii biyaha ee ugu horreysay ee dib loo soo celiyay ee NeWater ayaa laga dhisay Singapore, dib u isticmaalka wasakhdana waxay gaartay heerka biyaha la cabbo;
Sannadkii 2005, warshadda daaweynta wasakhda ee Austrian Strass waxay gaartay isku filnaansho tamar markii ugu horreysay adduunka, iyadoo ku tiirsan oo keliya soo kabashada tamarta kiimikada ee wasakhda si ay u daboolo isticmaalka tamarta ee daaweynta wasakhda;
Sannadkii 2016, sharciyada Switzerland waxay farayeen soo celinta kheyraadka fosfooraska aan la cusboonaysiin karin ee ka imanaya wasakhda (dhoobada), digada xoolaha iyo wasakhowga kale.
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Iyada oo ah awood caalami ah oo ilaalinta biyaha ah, Nederland si dabiici ah uma foga.
Haddaba, tifaftiruhu wuxuu maanta idiinla hadli doonaa sida warshadaha wasakhda ee Nederland loo casriyeeyo loona beddelo xilligii dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka.
Fikradda biyaha wasakhda ah ee Nederland - qaab-dhismeedka NEWS
Nederland, oo ku taal delta Rhine, Maas iyo Scheldt, waa dhul hooseeya.
Anigoo ah qof deegaanka u dooda, mar kasta oo aan xuso Holland, waxa ugu horreeya ee maskaxdayda ku soo dhaca waa Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda ee Delft.
Gaar ahaan, Shaybaarka Kluvyer Biotechnology wuxuu caan ku yahay adduunka guulaha uu ka gaaray tiknoolajiyadda injineernimada microbial-ka. Tiknoolajiyada daaweynta bayoolojiga ee wasakhda wasakhda ee aan naqaanno hadda waxay ka yimaadeen halkan.
Sida ka saarista fosfooraska denitrification iyo soo kabashada fosfooraska (BCFS), nitrification-ka gaaban (SHARON), oksaydhka ammonium-ka anaerobic (ANAMMOX/CANON), dhoobada granular-ka aerobic (NEREDA), kobcinta durdurka dhinaca/nitrification-ka la xoojiyay ee guud (BABE), dib-u-warshadaynta bayoolojiga ah ee balaastikada (PHA), iwm.
Intaa waxaa dheer, teknoolojiyadan waxaa sidoo kale horumariyay Professor Mark van Loosdrecht, kaas oo uu ku guuleystay "Abaalmarinta Nobel" ee warshadaha biyaha - abaalmarinta biyaha ee Lee Kuan Yew ee Singapore.
Waqti dheer ka hor, Jaamacadda Teknolojiyadda Delft waxay soo jeedisay fikradda daaweynta bullaacadaha waara. Sannadkii 2008, Hay'adda Cilmi-baarista Biyaha ee la Adeegsaday ee Netherlands waxay fikraddan ku soo bandhigtay qaab-dhismeedka "WARARKA".
Taasi waa, soo gaabinta weedha Nafaqada (nafaqada) + Tamarta (tamarta) + Warshadaha Biyaha (biyaha) (warshad), taasoo macnaheedu yahay in warshadda daaweynta wasakhda ee hoos timaada fikradda waarta ay dhab ahaantii tahay warshad wax soo saar saddex-geesood ah oo nafaqooyin, tamar iyo biyo dib loo warshadeeyay.
Waxaa dhacda in ereyga "WARARKA" uu sidoo kale leeyahay macne cusub, kaas oo ah nolol cusub iyo mustaqbal labadaba.
Sidee buu u fiican yahay "WARARKA"-kan, iyadoo la raacayo qaab-dhismeedkiisa, ma jiro wax qashin ah oo ku jira macnaha dhaqameed ee wasakhda:
Walax dabiici ah ayaa ah side-ka tamarta, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu kabo isticmaalka tamarta ee hawlgalka iyo in la gaaro ujeeddada hawlgalka kaarboon-dhexdhexaadka ah; kulaylka ku jira wasakhda lafteeda ayaa sidoo kale loo rogi karaa xaddi badan oo tamar kulayl/qabow ah iyada oo loo marayo bamka kulaylka isha biyaha, kaas oo aan kaliya gacan ka geysan karin hawlgalka kaarboon-dhexdhexaadka ah, laakiin sidoo kale awood u leh inuu kulaylka/qabowga u dhoofiyo bulshada. Tani waa waxa warshadda korontadu ku saabsan tahay.
Nafaqooyinka ku jira wasakhda, gaar ahaan fosfooraska, si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo soo ceshan karaa inta lagu jiro habka daaweynta, si dib loogu dhigo la'aanta kheyraadka fosfooraska ilaa heerka ugu sarreeya. Tani waa waxa ku jira warshadda nafaqada.
Marka la dhammeeyo soo kabashada walxaha dabiiciga ah iyo nafaqooyinka, yoolka ugu weyn ee daaweynta wasakhda dhaqameed waa la dhammaystiraa, kheyraadka harayna waa biyaha dib loo soo celiyay ee aan naqaanno. Tani waa waxa warshadda biyaha dib loo soo celiyay ay ku saabsan tahay.
Sidaa darteed, Nederland waxay sidoo kale ku soo koobtay tallaabooyinka habka daaweynta wasakhda lix hab oo waaweyn: ① daaweyn ka hor; ② daaweyn aasaasi ah; ③ daaweyn ka dib; ④ daawaynta dhoobada;
Waxay u egtahay mid fudud, laakiin dhab ahaantii waxaa jira tiknoolajiyado badan oo laga dooran karo tallaabo kasta oo geeddi-socod ah, isla tiknoolajiyaddaasna waxaa sidoo kale lagu dabaqi karaa tallaabooyin kala duwan oo geeddi-socod ah, sida isbeddelka iyo isku-darka, waxaad had iyo jeer heli kartaa habka ugu habboon ee lagu daweeyo wasakhda.
Haddii aad u baahan tahay alaabta kor ku xusan si aad u daaweyso wasakhda kala duwan, fadlan nala soo xiriir.
cr: Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee Naiyanjun Hydrosphere
Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-25-2023