Nidaamyada daaweynta biyaha ee caadiga ah, ee loo yaqaan 'Flocculas-ka' ee ugu balaaran waa cusbada aluminis iyo birta, cusbada aluminium ee ku haray biyaha lagu daaweeyo ayaa khatar gelin doona midabka biyaha, iwm .; Inta badan daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, way adagtahay in laga gudbo dhibaatooyinka wasaqda ee wasakheynta sare sida qaddar aad u badan oo wasakh ah iyo qashin adag oo weel ah. Sidaa darteed, raadinta shey dabiici ah oo aan sabayn wasakhowga labaad ee deegaanka inuu ku beddelo milix aluminium ah iyo birta cusbada birta ah waa baahida loo qabo in la hirgaliyo istiraatiijiyado horumarineed oo waara maanta. Flolmer-ka dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah ayaa soo jiitay feejignaan badan oo ka dhex dhacay duufaano fara badan awgood ilo-xireentooda, qiimaha wanaagsan, xulashada wanaagsan, qiyaasta yar, badbaadada iyo sunta rasaasta, iyo soo-saareyaasha dhameystiran, iyo soo-saareyaal dhammaystiran. Tobaneeyo sano oo horumar ah, tiro badan oo polymer ah oo dabiici ah oo leh guryo leh guryo kala duwan oo ay adeegsadaan, oo ka mid ah istareeye, Lignan, Chitoson iyo khudradda ayaa hadda si ballaaran loo adeegsadaa.
ChitosanGuryaha
Chitosan waa amorphous cad, stony adag, oo biyo ku dhex jira laakiin ay ku milmaan aashitada, taas oo ah wax soo saarka qulqulaya ee chitin. Guud ahaan, Chitosan waxaa loo yeeri karaa Chitosan markii kooxda N-Acetyl ee chitin laga saaro in ka badan 55%. Chitin waa qaybta ugu weyn ee exoskeletons of xayawaanka iyo cayayaanka, waana xarunta labaad ee ugu weyn dabiiciga ah ee dhulka ka dib. Sida frocculant, chitosan waa dabiici, sun-sunta iyo sharafdarro. Waxaa jira kooxo badan oo hyroxyl, kooxaha amino iyo qaar ka mid ah kooxaha N-Acetylamino ayaa lagu qaybiyey silsiladda macromolectol of chitosan, oo ay sidoo kale u sameyn karaan dhismahoodu inay yihiin shabakadaha 'Chicicic-ka' oo ay ka dhigan yihiin haynta hydrogen-ka ama xirmooyinka ionic. Molecules qafis, oo ku dhacay cidhiidhi iyo ka saarida sunta ionda badan oo bir ah oo waxyeello leh. Chitosan iyo kuwa wax u dhigma waxay leeyihiin adeegyo fara badan, oo aan ahayn oo keliya dharka, daabacaadda iyo dheecaanka, pershadaha, aqalka lagu sameeyo, iwm. Chitosan. Sida loo nadiifiyo wakiilka biyaha la cabbo sababta oo ah faa'iidooyinkeeda u gaarka ah ee ku saabsan codsiyada bixinta biyaha iyo daaweynta biyaha.
CodsigaChitosanDaaweynta biyaha
(1) Ka saar cunnooyinka adag ee jidhka ka harsan. Biyaha dabiiciga ah, waxay noqotaa nidaam aruurin si xun loo dallaco sababta oo ah jiritaanka bakteeriyada dhoobada ah, iwm. Marka la barbar dhigo alum dhaqameedka iyo polyacchalamide-ka sida flocasculas, chitosan wuxuu heystaa saameyn wanaagsan. Ravid et al. Shuruucda daaweynta floscque ee qaybinta biyaha ee Kalin-ka kaliya marka Chitosan PH qiimaha ay ahayd 5-9, oo ay ogaatay in lowska ay si weyn u saameeyeen qiimaha pH, oo qiimaha possidical ee loo yaqaan 'place place' wuxuu ahaa 7.0-7.5. 1mg / L Flocculant, heerka baabi'intu ka baxo wuxuu ka badan yahay 90%, oo flocs la soo saaray waa mid adag oo soon ah, iyo wadarta waqtiga kala-goynta ee dib-u-dejinta kama badna 1h; Laakiin marka qiimaha pH uu yaraado ama korodho, hufnaanta dib-u-soo-baxa ayaa yaraanaysa, taasoo muujineysa in kaliya xadka PH ee aad u ciriiri ah, chitosan wuxuu sameyn karaa polymization wanaagsan oo ay weheliso walxaha Kain. Daraasadaha qaarkood waxay ogaadeen in markii laga daaweeyo cayrinta Bentonite ee Baston lagu daaweeyo Chitosan, tirada qiimaha malahan ee PH waa balaaran tahay. Sidaa darteed, marka biyaha ay wasakhdu ka kooban tahay walxaha la midka ah ee kalin, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu daro qaddar ku habboon oo ka mid ah Bentonite sida Count-ka si loo wanaajiyo polumerrizatchitosanku jira walxaha. Goor dambe, Ruvid et al. taas ayaa heshay
Haddii ay humus ku jirto Kaolin ama cayjinta ee loo yaqaan 'dioxide dioxide dioxide', way fududahay in la furfuro oo lagu saadaaliyo humus humus, maxaa yeelay humus-ka si xun loo eedeeyo waxay ku dhegan tahay salka, humuskuna way fududahay in la hagaajiyo qiimaha pH. Chitosan ayaa wali muujisay guryo sare oo ka sarreysa jirka biyaha dabiiciga ah ee leh majaajillo kala duwan iyo alkalinity.
(2) Ka saar algae iyo bakteeriyada jirka biyaha. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dadka qaar ee dibedda ah waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan xayeysiinta iyo dib-u-habeynta chitosan ee nidaamyada coloid ee bayoolojiga ah sida algae iyo bakteeriyada. Chitosan waxay saameyn ka leedahay algae biyaha wasakhda ah, oo ah luuqada prusulina, oscillator algae, chlorella iyo buluuga-cagaaran. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in qalabka biyaha wasakhda ah, ka saarista ay ugu fiican tahay pH ee 7; ee algae badda, PH waa mid hoose. Qiyaasta ku habboon ee chitosan waxay kuxirantahay uruurinta algae ee jirka biyaha. Waxa kor u kacaya ee ka sareeya algae, qiyaasta cudurka chizosan ee badan ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu daro, iyo kororka qaadashada qiyaasta chitosan waxay u horseedaa inay sababaan floccle iyo roobab. si dhakhso ah. Cadowgu wuxuu cabiri karaa ka saarista algae. Marka qiimaha pH uu 7, 5mg / lchitosanKa saari kara 90% oo ka mid ah jahwareerka biyaha, iyo kuwa sare ee ka sarreeya, coarser-ka ee walxaha Floc ah iyo waxqabadka sifiican.
Imtixaanka microscopic-ka ayaa muujiyay in algae ay ka soo saarteen flosclaalg iyo sicirka ay isku dhagan yihiin oo ay isku halleeyaan, oo ay weli ku jiraan xaalad dabacsan oo firfircoon. Maaddaama chizosusan uusan keenin wax saameyn xun oo ku saabsan noocyada biyaha ku jira, biyaha la daaweeyay ayaa wali loo isticmaali karaa biyaha biyaha cusub ee biyaha, si ka duwan barkadaha kale ee lagu daaweynayo daaweynta biyaha. Qaababka ka saarista ee Chitosan ee bakteeriyada waa mid aad u dhib yar. Adoo baranaya dib u soo noolaynta Escherichia Colo iyadoo Chitosan, waxaa la ogaaday in hannaanka isku-dheellitirka isku-dheellitirka ah uu yahay habka ugu weyn ee nidaamka floxclation, iyo chizoson waxay soo saartaa bond bond botbris oo ku yaal qashin-qubka. Daraasad kale ayaa muujisay in hufnaanta chizoshan flocquation ee E. Coli waxay kuxirantahay oo kaliya kuma xirna Charfacile-ka Dielectric laakiin sidoo kale ku saabsan cabirkeeda biyo-mareenka.
(3) Ka saar haraaga haraaga oo nadiifi biyo la cabbo. Cusbada aluminium iyo polylumininum flochurants waxaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa hanaannada daaweynta biyaha, laakiin isticmaalka aluminiuulas flochurants waxay u horseedi kartaa aluminium-ka kor u kaca biyaha cabitaanka. Aluminilal haraaga ah ee biyaha la cabbo waa khatar weyn oo caafimaadka aadanaha loo geysto. In kasta oo Chitosan uu sidoo kale leeyahay dhibaatada biyaha hadhaaga ah, maxaa yeelay waa ankaline dabiici ah oo aan sun lahayn aminopolysacchaccharide, hadhaagu waxyeello uma geysan doono jirka bini-aadamka, waxaa laga saari karaa nidaamka daaweynta ee ku xiga. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, isticmaalka isku-darka chitosan iyo endorginic flocculadaha sida polyaluminisuum chloride-ka ayaa yareyn kara nuxurka haraaga haraaga ah. Sidaa darteed, daaweynta la daaweeyo biyaha, chitosan wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka in polymer kale oo dabiici ah oo isku-dhafan oo isku-dhafan ma beddeli karaan.
Codsiga chitosan ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah
(1) Ka saar ionda birta ah. Silsiladda molikalalar eechitosanArimaheedana waxay ka kooban tahay kooxo badan oo Amino ah iyo kooxo hydroxyl, sidaa darteed waxay saameyn ku yeelataa saameynta qiiqa badan ee ion, oo wax ku ool ah adsorb ama qabashada ion culus ee xalka ah. Catherine A. Eiden iyo Daraasado kale ayaa muujiyay in awoodda xayeysiinta ee Chitosan to PB2 + iyo Chizolan) ay gaarayaan 0.2 mmol / g iyo g iyo g, iyo g, waxayna leeyihiin awood xayeysiis oo xoog leh. Zhang Ting'an et al. Waxaa loo adeegsaday chitosan-ka ee loo yaqaan 'chitosan' si looga saaro naxaasta by perpper. Natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in markii qiimaha PH uu ahaa 8.0 iyo feejignaanta ion ee muunada biyaha ee muunadda biyaha ay ka hooseysay 100 mg / L, heerka ka saarida naxaas ah uu ka badnaa 99%; Isu-duwanaanta ballaaran waa 400mg / L, iyo uruurinta ballaaran ee ion-ka naxaasta ah ee dareeraha haraaga ah ayaa wali buuxisa heerka biyaha wasakhda biyaha wasakhda ah. Tijaabo kale ayaa cadeeyay in markii PH = 5.0 iyo waqtiga haweenka ay 2H yihiin, heerka ka saarida chitosan to ni2 + addoro-ka kiimikada ah dareeraha wasakhda ah waxay gaari kartaa 72.25%.
(2) Ku daawee wasakhda wasakhda leh ee borotiinka sare sida biyaha wasakhda ah. Inta lagu gudajiro howsha cuntada, wasakhda wasakhda ah ee ku jirta xaddi badan oo ah cunnooyinka adag ayaa laga saaray. Molecule-ka Chitosan waxaa ku jira kooxda ee Cimide, Group Amino iyo Kooxda Hydroxyl. Iyada oo ay la socoto ilaalada kooxda Amino, waxay muujineysaa doorka cesic polyelectrolyte, oo aan kaliya saameyn ku yeelan karo biraha culus, laakiin sidoo kale si wax ku ool ah ayuu u soo bixi karaa oo adsorb si xun u eegi kara walxaha wanaagsan ee biyaha lagu soo oogi karo. Chitin iyo chizizosan waxay sameyn karaan isku dhafsan karaan isku dhafan oo ay ku jiraan borotiinno, amino acids, acids acids, iwm. loo adeegsadaychitosan, aluminium sulfate, ferric sulfate iyo polypropyle prthalamide maadaama flochududulation-ka si ay u soo ceshato borotiinka ka yimaada borotiinka biyaha badda. Heerka Soo-kabashada Borotiinka Sare iyo Tirtirka Wax-ka-qabashada fudud ayaa la heli karaa. Sababta oo ah Chitosan lafteeda waa mid aan sun lahayn oo aan lahayn wasakhowga labaad, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dib-u-warshadaynta walxaha waxtarka leh sida borotiinkaas iyo istaarijka wasakhda ah ee ka soo baxa dhirta cuntada ee ka shaqeynta iyo dib u isticmaal, sida ku darista quudinta xayawaanka.
(3) Daaweynta Daabacaadda iyo Dheenikada Birta. Daabacaadda iyo dheehda wasakhda wasakhda ah ee wasakhda wasakhda ah ee suufka, fiityada kiimikada iyo waxyaabaha kale ee dhabarka ah ee ku saabsan geedi socodka ka-hortagga, dheeh, daadinta iyo dhammeynta iyo dhameystirka. Caadi ahaan waxaa ku jira cusbada, surfacadaha dabiiciga ah iyo darada, iwm., Iwm, oo leh qaybo adag, chroma iyo koodh weyn. , iyo horumarinta jihada ka hortagga xudunta iyo anti-benderadution, oo aad u waxyeelo u leh caafimaadka aadanaha iyo deegaanka. Chitosan waxaa ku jira kooxaha Amino iyo kooxaha hydroxyl, waxayna leeyihiin saameyn adag oo xayeysiis xoog leh, oo ay kujiraan xayeysiinta jirka, soo jiidashada elektaroonigga, ion der wan-ka, is-dhexgalka Van Der -S, iwm. Isla mar ahaantaana, qaab dhismeedka molital ee chitosan waxaa ku jira tiro badan oo kooxo caan ah oo amino ah, kaas oo sameeya wakiilka polymer oo aad u wanaagsan iyada oo loo marayo isuduwaha wasakhda ah, oo aan soo saarin wasakheynta dugsiga sare.
(4) Codsi ku saabsan Debudge. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan dhirta daaweynta bullaacadda bullaacadaha ee magaalooyinka waxay u istcimaalaan cesic prolyacrikelamidel si loo daweeyo burburka. Dhaqanka ayaa muujiyay in wakiilkan uu leeyahay saameyn wanaagsan oo uu u sahlan yahay biyaha biyaha, laakiin hadhaagiisa, gaar ahaan acrylamides monomer, waa xaallada carcinogen adag. Sidaa darteed, waa shaqo aad u macno badan oo lagu raadsado bedelkiisa. Chitosan waa xaalad adag oo jilicsan, kaas oo ka caawiya sameynta bakteeriyada bakteeriyada ee firfircoon Micelles, kaas oo si xun u eegi kara xalka laga joojiyay arrintaas, iyo in lagu wanaajiyo hufnaanta daweynta ee hanaanka burburka dhaqdhaqaaqa. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in polyaluminium chloride / chizosan uruurinta loo yaqaan '' chicosite 'oo keliya ma leh oo keliya saameyn ku yeelanaya qaboojiyaha, laakiin sidoo kale isbarbardhiga hal Pudsaran ayaa marka hore gaaraya dhibic hoose, oo heerka kombiyuutarka ayaa ka sarreeya. Waa dhakhso oo waa qaboojiye; Intaa waxaa dheer, seddex nooc oo ah gaariga sanduuqa (n-carboxytyl chitosan, n, o-carboxytyl chitosan) waxaa loo istcimaalay si fudud oo aan u fududayn, taasoo muujineysa in saamaynta loo yaqaan 'flocculant' si aad ah ayey uga fiican tahay tiirarka caadiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'flochurants' caadiga ah.
ChitosanOo aasaaskeeduna waa hodan ku ah kheyraadka, dabiiciga ah, aan sun ahayn, sharafdarro, oo leh guryo kala duwan isla waqti isku mid ah. Iyagu waa wakiilo daaweyn biyo cagaaran. Erayada ceyriinka, chitin, waa qaybta labaad ee ugu weyn ee dabiiciga ah ee dhulka. Sidaa darteed, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, horumarka Chitosan ee daaweynta biyaha ayaa leh wax ku ool ah koboc koboc ah. Sida polymer dabiici ah oo qashinka u rogaya khasnadda, Chitosan ayaa markii hore lagu dabaqay arrimo badan, laakiin waxqabadka iyo adeegsiga badeecada guryaha ayaa wali leh fardo gaar ah marka loo eego waddamada kale ee horumarsan. Iyadoo qoto dheer ee cilmi-baarista ee Chitosan iyo kansaarkooda, gaar ahaan Chitosan oo wax laga beddelay oo leh guryaha synthesis-ka wanaagsan, waxay leedahay qiimeyn dheeraad ah oo dheeri ah. Sahaminta tikniyoolajiyadda arjiga ee Chitosan ee daaweynta biyaha iyo kobcinta alaabada bay'ada u habboon ee deegaanka cudurka chitosan oo leh nooc ballaaran oo arjiga ballaaran ayaa yeelan doona qiimo aad u ballaaran iyo rajada arjiga.
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Waqtiga Post: Agoosto-09-2022